Armando Villanueva Del Campo (born November 25, 1915) is a historical leader of the Peruvian American Popular Revolutionary Alliance, better known as APRA. Born in Lima, his parents were Pedro Villanueva Urquijo, a gynecologist in the city, and Carmen Rosa Portal del Campo. His only legitimate sibling was his older brother Ing. Pedro Villanueva del Campo Portal. Pedro was never involved in politics.
At the age of 15 Villanueva became a member of APRA's Juventud Aprista in opposition to the military dictatorship of Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro. At the age of 18 he was imprisoned in El Frontón prison (located on the small island of San Lorenzo off the coast of Callao, Lima's main port) for his subversive activities in Peru. He was a political ally and personal friend of Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre, the founder and most prominent leader of the APRA party.
Villanueva spent most of his early life in different prisons for his political activities. In 1940, along with other APRA political activists, Villanueva was exiled to Chile. Between the 1940s and 1960s Villanueva would spend his time in between Peruvian prisons and deportations to Chile and Argentina. While living in Santiago he met and married Lucia Ortega. They had a daughter: Lucia del Pilar Villanueva Ortega.
In late 1961, before a general amnesty was granted to members of APRA, Villanueva entered Peru quite clandestinely. He needed to start organizing the multiple party cells in preparation for their return to full political activities. Afraid that he would caught, he sought refuge at his cousin's house in San Isidro. Ana Maria Villanueva de Riva-Vercellotti was married to an Italian, and Armando was convinced that Peru's secret police would never find him there. He was able to stay there, unperturbed, till full amnesty was granted.
From 1963 to 1968 Villanueva served as a deputy in the lower house of the Peruvian legislature representing Lima, serving as President of the House of Deputies from 1966 to 1967. Villanueva led the Aprista opposition to the military government of Juan Velasco.
The death of Haya de la Torre in 1979 propelled Villanueva as leader of the APRA party. As leader of the party Villanueva ran for the Presidency in 1980 resulting in a second place loss to the Popular Action party candidate Fernando Belaúnde. It is said that he lost the elections because the opposition mounted a negative campaign against him, claiming that he was married to a Chilean born citizen. Many in Peru still have not gotten over the fact that Chile won the Guerra del Pacifico in 1883, which resulted in Peru losing a large chunk of its southern border to Chile.
In 1985 Villanueva was elected to the Peruvian Senate and given the position of President of the Senate. During the Presidency of Alan García he was given the position of President of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister). In 1990 Villanueva was elected to his last term in the Senate, from 1990 to 1992.
Villanueva retired in 2005 at the age of 90, to dedicate the rest of his life to his family and writing. He still has contact with the party's hierarchy. In May 2005, with the death of his cousin Ana Maria, he also assumed the title of family patriarch, an honor he still holds as of 2010.
| Preceded by Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre |
Partido Aprista Presidential Candidate 1980 – (Lost) |
Succeeded by Alan García |
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